This term comes from a Latin word related to disorders emotional; it serves to refer to a disorder in the rational and communicative functions. Its most common use is in the field of psychic health and is used to talk about a mismatch of the reason , which is colloquially known as madness .
In everyday speech, the insane concept is used to name all those people who have a strange behavior, without it being necessary to prove that they suffer from a certain mental pathology. Some phrases where the concept is used are:"The artist began to show signs of dementia at an early age", "Jorge, in his dementia, thought he saw the devil and jumped out the window", "Sometimes I feel like I'm on the verge of dementia and I'm very scared", "The defendant alleged temporary dementia and said he did not remember anything that happened".
For the medicine and the psychology , dementia is a progressive and irreversible deterioration of mental faculties , which generates important conditions in the conduct of the person who suffers it.
Brain disorders of dementia produce damage to cognitive functions and end up incapacitating the subject to carry out their daily activities. Memory, attention and language are some of the areas that may be affected by dementia.
Along the disease , it is likely that the subject lose space-time orientation and even awareness about your identity and loved ones . In very severe cases of dementia, the sick are unaware of the year in which they live, the place and with whom they share their life; it also happens that they ignore even their own identity.
Dementia usually includes delusions and psychotic traits. The insane can ensure that he speaks with people already deceased, among other hallucinations or confusion.
Since it is an irreversible disorder, dementia cannot be cured. Experts suggest different types of treatments which may include drugs (such as analgesics and central nervous system depressants) and psychological therapy (with activities to preserve mental activity); However, they have palliative objectives, which help the patient to face the effects of the disease in a less violent way.
Causes and symptoms
The Causes Dementia can be very diverse: from strokes to physical conditions such as brain tumors, sudden changes in sugar or calcium levels in the body or low levels of vitamin B12.
Among the conditions that most commonly lead to dementia are: Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, certain infections such as HIV / AIDS and Lyme disease, progressive supranuclear paralysis, among many others. Some of these conditions can be controlled if they are detected in time, otherwise they could lead to the absolute loss of rational control of the person.
Between the symptom more characteristic of this disease are disorders in language and memory, it makes it difficult to maintain a coherent emotionally and rationally behavior and the distortion of perception in the environment. In addition, cognitive abilities (calculation, abstract thinking and discernment ability) are clearly affected. It is worth mentioning that until a clear deterioration of a person's abilities is perceived, a process is developed that goes from invisible to tangible; Slow and gradual.
It is known as mild cognitive impairment (DCL) to the phase that is characterized by normal forgetfulness typical of aging and the clear appearance of dementia. Many times there are people who seem insane but are in this phase , where it is very difficult to declare this pathology as such. In fact, many people with mild cognitive impairment never become insane.
